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A wholly new theory of matter has been advanced in the last half century by modern physics, but there has been no new theory of ma- terialism to match it. The occurrence of a revolution of such magni- tude in science will have to be understood as calling for a corresponding one in philosophy. The present work is an attempt to make a start in that direction. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to the Editors of the fol- lowing journals for permission to reprint articles which first appeared in their pages: to Darshana for 'Human Nature and Institutions'; to Diogenes for 'Full Concreteness and the Re-Materialization of Matter'; to Perspectives in Biology and Medicine for 'The Ambiva- lence of Aggression and the Moralization of Man'; to Philosophy and Phenomenological Research for 'Formal Materialism Reconfirmed' (which appears here revised and extended as 'Formal Materialism: The New Version'), and for 'Artifactualism: The Origin of Man and His Tools'; to Philosophy Today for 'How Abstract Objects Survive'; to Religious Studies for 'A Religion for the New Materialism'; and to Tulane Studies in PhilosoPhy for 'A Material Theory of Reference. ' PART ONE INTRODUCTION AND METHOD CHAPTER I THE SUBJECTIVE DIGRESSION Every philosophy endeavors to be as comprehensive as possible, and when philosophers speak they do so for the whole world.