Sulfuric Acid Manufacture

- Analysis, Control and Optimization

  • Format
  • Bog, hardback
  • Engelsk

Beskrivelse

By some measure the most widely produced chemical in the world today, sulfuric acid has an extraordinary range of modern uses, including phosphate fertilizer production, explosives, glue, wood preservative and lead-acid batteries. An exceptionally corrosive and dangerous acid, production of sulfuric acid requires stringent adherence to environmental regulatory guidance within cost-efficient standards of production. This work provides an experience-based review of how sulfuric acid plants work, how they should be designed and how they should be operated for maximum sulfur capture and minimum environmental impact. Using a combination of practical experience and deep physical analysis, Davenport and King review sulfur manufacturing in the contemporary world where regulatory guidance is becoming ever tighter (and where new processes are being required to meet them), and where water consumption and energy considerations are being brought to bear on sulfuric acid plant operations. This 2e will examine in particular newly developed acid-making processes and new methods of minimizing unwanted sulfur emissions. The target readers are recently graduated science and engineering students who are entering the chemical industry and experienced professionals within chemical plant design companies, chemical plant production companies, sulfuric acid recycling companies and sulfuric acid users. They will use the book to design, control, optimize and operate sulfuric acid plants around the world.

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Detaljer
  • SprogEngelsk
  • Sidetal608
  • Udgivelsesdato29-05-2013
  • ISBN139780080982205
  • Forlag Elsevier / The Lancet
  • FormatHardback
Størrelse og vægt
  • Vægt960 g
  • coffee cup img
    10 cm
    book img
    15,1 cm
    22,9 cm

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    Transport Handling Regeneration Decomposition Chemistry Construction materials Consumption Efficiency Electricity Fertilizers Inflation Production Equilibrium Rates Mercury Costs Shape Description Spraying Cooling Heat exchangers Size Control Fluorine Industrial equipment Dust By-products Corrosion Sources Condensation Temperature Maintenance Composition Heat recovery Manufacture Metallurgical plants OPTIMIZATION Sulfur Feedstock Absorption Product Filters SO2 Oxidation Réactions Alternatives Graphs Boiler Furnace Calculations Slopes Assumptions Graphical representation Sulfuric acid Azeotrope Advances Results Catalytic oxidation Dehydration Gas Cooling Benefit Catalyst Pumps Precipitation SO(3) Advantage Intercept Pressure effect Acid temperature control Acid-sensible heat recovery Acid temperature Acidmaking Acidmaking costs Acid mist Activation temperature Acid coolers Acid composition Acid strength Acid system Atomizer Bed Thickness Blower Calculation assumptions Bayqikreg process Ceramic saddles Cesium catalyst Borosilicate glass Catalyst beds Bypassing strategy CO2 and SO3 in feed gas effects Catalytic SO2 to SO3 oxidation Catalyst degradation danger Enthalpy balances Enthalpy calculations Equilibrium curves Enhanced SO2 oxidation Enhanced SO2 oxidation efficiency Double-contact acid making Double contact Deactivation Feed gas temperature effects Emission standards Equilibrium %SO2 oxidized Gas strength effect Feed gas temperature effect Flow sheet Four and five beds Cooled catalyst bed exit gas recycle H2SO4 making Heatup paths Gas temperature control Industrial methods Industrial operation Investment costs Intercept attainment Heat transfer rates Double-contact acid plants environmental standards Inefficiency explanation Enthalpy/temperature equation Enthalpy transfers between catalyst beds Equilibrium equations Final H2O(g) concentration Maximum SO2 oxidation effects Nanoparticle injection Offgas Matrix calculations Glass condenser Metallurgical offgas Gas dehydration Gas System NOx problem O2 effect No heat loss H2SO4(g) formation Plant locations Optimum double contact acidmaking Oxidation efficiency price Re-evaporation Industrial cooling Residence times Reactivation Spent acid regeneration plants Scrubbing Heatup path Sulfur burning SO2 oxidation effect Sensible heat Spent acid Sulfur from tail gas removal Sulfur system Temperature controls Temperature effect velocity effect Tail gas scrubbing Sulfuric acid production Sulfur viscosity Second catalyst bed calculations Temperature effect Sulfur emission minimization intercepts Maximum % SO2 oxidized calculation SO2 concentration Major effect (temperature) Sulfur-burning plants Maximum SO2 oxidation Third catalyst bed calculations Minor effects precipitator Production Costs Production Rate O2 requirement Mist elimination Molar balances Single/double contact plant comparisons Output acid temperature Overheat prevention Strong sulfuric acid Triple contact acid plant SULFOX and Sulfacid processes Technology selection Second catalyst bed equilibrium calculations Three bed oxidation efficiency Product acid composition SO2 effect SO2 oxidation heatup paths Single contact Thermal efficiency SO2 Three bed acid plant Steam production Summary tables temperatures

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