Manifestations of Dark Matter and Variations of the Fundamental Constants in Atoms and Astrophysical Phenomena

This thesis explores the possibility of searching for new effects of dark matter that are linear in g, an approach that offers enormous advantages over conventional schemes, since the interaction constant g is very small, g

Astrophysical observations indicate that there is five times more dark matter—an ‘invisible’ form of matter, the identity and properties of which still remain shrouded in mystery—in the Universe than the ordinary ‘visible’ matter that makes up stars, planets, dust and interstellar gases. Conventional schemes for the direct detection of dark matter involve processes (such as collisions with, absorption by or inter-conversion with ordinary matter) that are either quartic (g4) or quadratic (g2) in an underlying interaction constant g.